Overall Green Tropical Cyclone alert for NAMTHEUN-16 in Japan from 31 Aug 2016 12:00 UTC to 02 Sep 2016 00:00 UTC

GDACS is a cooperation framework between the United Nations, the European Commission and disaster managers worldwide to improve alerts, information exchange and coordination in the first phase after major sudden-onset disasters.

Overall Green alert Tropical Cyclone for NAMTHEUN-16

in Japan

02 Sep 2016 00 UTC

click on

to select bulletin time

Meteorological source:

GDACS JTWC

Impact Single TC

GFS
HWRF
ECMWF

Impact based on all weather systems in the area

Impact

Tropical Cyclone NAMTHEUN-16 can have a low humanitarian impact based on the maximum sustained wind speed,exposed population and vulnerability.

Meteorological source	GDACS
Exposed countries	Japan
Exposed population	No people in Category 1 or higher
Maximum wind speed	204 km/h
Maximum storm surge	0.3 m (03 Sep 13:00 UTC)
Vulnerability	Low (Japan)

GDACS Score

GDACS alert score for Tropical Cyclones is 0.5 (GREEN Alert), 1.5 (ORANGE Alert), 2.5 (RED Alert)
For more info on GDACS alert score click here.

	Wind	Storm surge	Rainfall	GDACS score
Current	167 km/h	0.3 m	n.a.	0.5
Overall	204 km/h	0.3 m	n.a.	0
Maximum winds, storm surge, rainfall (Current: over the next 72 h, Overall: entire TC track) based on GDACS impact

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Wind

167 km/h Current Max.

Up to 3.5 million people in Category 1 strength or higher (see SSHS)

Impact Timeline

N°	Date (UTC)	Max Winds (km/h)	Population in Tropical Storm or higher	Population in Cat 1. or higher	Countries
1	31 Aug 2016 12:00	74	---	No people	Japan
2	31 Aug 2016 18:00	83	---	No people	Japan
3	01 Sep 2016 00:00	93	---	No people	Japan
4	01 Sep 2016 06:00	167	---	4.5 million	Japan
5	01 Sep 2016 12:00	185	---	5.2 million	Japan
6	01 Sep 2016 18:00	185	---	410 thousand	Japan
7	02 Sep 2016 00:00	167	---	3.5 million	Japan

Bulletin Timeline

N°	Date (UTC)	Category (SSHS)	Max winds (km/h)	Population in Cat.1 or higher	Population in Tropical Storm or higher	Location (lat, lon)	Countries
1	31 Aug 2016 12:00	Tropical depression	46	no people	no people	22, 125.9
2	31 Aug 2016 18:00	Tropical depression	46	no people	no people	23.1, 126.5
3	01 Sep 2016 00:00	Tropical depression	56	no people	no people	23.8, 127.7
4	01 Sep 2016 06:00	Tropical storm	93	no people	2100 people	24.4, 129.1
5	01 Sep 2016 12:00	Category 1	120	no people	2100 people	25, 130.2
6	01 Sep 2016 18:00	Category 1	120	no people	2100 people	25.8, 130.6
7	02 Sep 2016 00:00	Category 1	130	no people	73000 people	26.4, 130.8	Japan
7	02 Sep 2016 12:00	Category 2	157	no people	100000 people	27.8, 130.8	Japan
7	03 Sep 2016 00:00	Category 2	167	4900 people	1.5 million people	29.1, 130.5	Japan
7	03 Sep 2016 12:00	Category 1	148	250000 people	7.3 million people	30.3, 130.3	Japan
7	04 Sep 2016 00:00	Category 1	120	3.4 million people	14.7 million people	31.9, 130.1	Japan
7	05 Sep 2016 00:00	Tropical storm	74	no people	180000 people	35.4, 131.9	Japan
7	06 Sep 2016 00:00	Tropical depression	56	no people	no people	40.8, 136.3
7	07 Sep 2016 00:00	Tropical depression	56	no people	no people	45.9, 140.1

Actual track of the current bulletin

The alert for forecast greater than 3 days is limited to Orange level.

Download:

Exposed population - AoIs

Exposed population in the potential affected countries, provinces and populated places

Countries

Country
Japan

Provinces

Region Province	Country
Kyushu	Japan
Chugoku	Japan

Populated places

Name	Region Province	Country	City class	Population
Makurazuki	Kagoshima	Japan	City	-
Sendai	Kagoshima	Japan	City	72000 people
Yatsushiro	Kumamoto	Japan	City	100000 people
Matsubase	Kumamoto	Japan	City	26000 people
Kumamoto	Kumamoto	Japan	Major city	680000 people
Omuta	Fukuoka	Japan	City	150000 people
Hita	Oita	Japan	City	61000 people
Nakatsu	Oita	Japan	City	67000 people
Tagawa	Fukuoka	Japan	City	51000 people
Yukuhashi	Fukuoka	Japan	City	71000 people

Critical infrastructure

Airports, ports, nuclear plants and hydrodams at risk, if affected, are listed below.

Airports

Name	IATA Code	Elevation (m)	Usage	Runway type	IFR	Runway Length (ft)
Amakusa		103				0
Tsuiki		17	Civ.	Paved	Yes	7800
Kita Kyushu	KKJ	3	Civ.	Paved	Yes	5200
Yamaguchi Ube	UBJ	7	Civ.	Paved	Yes	6500
Ozuki		4	Mil.	Paved	Yes	3900

Ports

Name	LOCODE	Country
Makurazaki		Japan
Kushikino		Japan
Naga Island		Japan
Minamata	JPMIN	Japan
Ushibuka		Japan
Kojiro		Japan
Yatsushiro		Japan
Misumi	JPMIS	Japan
Shimabara	JPSMB	Japan
Miike	JPMII	Japan
Omuta	JPOMU	Japan
Yukuhashi		Japan
Kanda	JPKND	Japan
Moji	JPMOJ	Japan
Shimonoseki	JPSHS	Japan
Ube	JPUBJ	Japan
Onoda	JPOND	Japan
Onada		Japan
Shimogo		Japan
Senzaki	JPSZK	Japan
Hagi	JPHAG	Japan
Masuda		Japan

Dams

Reservoir	Dam Name	River	Year
Kogawa	Kogawa	Kogawa	1973
Kyoragi	Kyoragi	Iwaiguchigawa	1975
Hachinosuko	Shimouke	Tsuegawa	1972
Hyugami	Hyugami	Yabegawa	1959
Gosho	Gosho	Chikugogawa	1990
Minagiko	Terauchi	Sadagawa	1979
Yabakeiko	Yabakei	Yamautsurigawa	1984
Kamiakizukiko	Egawa	Koishiharagawa	1972
Aburagi	Aburagi	Imagawa	1971
Masubuchichosuichi	Masubuchi	Murasakigawa	1973
Mannenike	Mannenike		1963
Ubemaruyama	Ubemaruyama	Yakushigawa	1978
Onoko	Kotogawa	Kotogawa	1948
Yunohara	Yunohara	Koyagawa	1990
Toyotako	Koyagawa	Koyagawa	1955
Miyakono	Aratani	Fushinogawa	1987
Sasanami	Sasanamigawa	Sasanamigawa	1959
Abuko	Abugawa	Abugawa	1974

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Rainfall

Rainfall accumulation of the past 24h, as detected by the Global Precipitation Measurement mission of NASA. For more information, see https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/GPM/main/index.html.

...

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StormSurge

0.3 m

The maximum Storm surge height is 0.3m in Katadomari, Japan. This height is estimated for 03 Sep 2016 13:00 UTC .

The JRC has developed an experimental global storm surge model. The calculations are published about 20 minutes after a new advisory is detected by GDACS. The calculations identify the populated places affected by storm surge up to three days in advance, using the forecasted track. When forecasts change, the associated storm surge changes too and alert levels may go up or down. All links, data, statistics and maps refer to the latest available calculation. If the calculation for the last advisory is not completed, the latest available calculation is shown.

Locations affected by Storm surge (242 locations). Calculation based on advisory number 18 of 04 Sep 2016 18:00:00 UTC. (Simulation using 0.5 minute resolution)

Alert	Date (UTC)	Name	Country	Storm surge height (m)
	03 Sep 2016 13:00	Katadomari	Japan	0.3
	04 Sep 2016 19:00	Suminoe	Japan	0.3
	04 Sep 2016 11:00	Nomo	Japan	0.3
	04 Sep 2016 11:00	Wakimisaki	Japan	0.3
	04 Sep 2016 11:00	Shimo-jima	Japan	0.3
	04 Sep 2016 22:00	Mitoma	Japan	0.3
	04 Sep 2016 22:00	Shingu	Japan	0.2
	05 Sep 2016 00:00	Chofu	Japan	0.2
	05 Sep 2016 00:00	Kagawa	Japan	0.2
	05 Sep 2016 00:00	Tabe	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 13:00	Mieda	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 13:00	Hizen Nagana	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 13:00	Kojiro	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 13:00	Kawachi	Japan	0.2
	03 Sep 2016 07:00	Kuchinoshima	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 21:00	Keya	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 21:00	Fukae	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 11:00	Fukahori	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 12:00	Mogi	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 13:00	Yuki	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 01:00	Teuchi	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 23:00	Saitosaki	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 14:00	Shikimi	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 14:00	Konoura	Japan	0.2
	03 Sep 2016 09:00	Shimmwa	Japan	0.2
	03 Sep 2016 09:00	Hommura	Japan	0.2
	03 Sep 2016 09:00	Mukaehama	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 13:00	Nagasaki	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 15:00	Kamanoura	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 15:00	Kashinoura	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 15:00	Yukinoura	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 13:00	Chijiwa	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 02:00	Imuta	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 02:00	Taira	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 22:00	Tsuyazaki	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 22:00	Fukumamachi	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 22:00	Fukuma	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 09:00	Ushibuka	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 09:00	Kutama	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 09:00	Kuranomoto	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 11:00	Tomioka	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 13:00	Hakuto	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 13:00	Obama	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 23:00	Shimonoseki	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 13:00	Kuchinotsu	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 20:00	Okawa	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 17:00	Kashima	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 14:00	Oura	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 00:00	Miyagahama	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 00:00	Kiire	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 00:00	Yamagawa	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 00:00	Baba	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 00:00	Kanda	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 00:00	Tsunemi	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 23:00	Moji	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 00:00	Ibusuki	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 00:00	Tarumizu	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 00:00	Fumoto	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 00:00	Furue	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 00:00	Futagawa	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 00:00	O-nejime	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 09:00	Shiomi	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 13:00	Katagami	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 12:00	Goryo	Japan	0.2
	03 Sep 2016 05:00	Nakanoshima	Japan	0.2
	03 Sep 2016 09:00	Nanakama	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 00:00	Yukuhashi	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 21:00	Maebaru	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 21:00	Nishinoura	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 23:00	Kanesaki	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 09:00	Akune	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 12:00	Futae	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 14:00	Hondo	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 20:00	Setaka	Japan	0.2
	04 Sep 2016 20:00	Fuchinoe	Japan	0.2
	03 Sep 2016 04:00	Motomura	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 07:00	Nagata	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 23:00	Nanakuba	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 23:00	Koike	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 23:00	Koramuki	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 23:00	Hamanoichi	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 23:00	Fukuyama	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 02:00	Naka-koshiki	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 23:00	Meihama	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 09:00	Tajiri	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 09:00	Wakimoto	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 07:00	Changchuanba	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 11:00	Kita	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 22:00	Yasuoka	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 22:00	Shiida	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 22:00	Habu	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 22:00	Oura	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 01:00	Kuwanoura	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 02:00	Sato	Japan	0.1
	05 Sep 2016 01:00	Oyama	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 13:00	Urada	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 13:00	Oe	Japan	0.1
	05 Sep 2016 01:00	Kottoi	Japan	0.1
	05 Sep 2016 01:00	Shimado	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 13:00	Arie	Japan	0.1
	01 Sep 2016 21:00	Minami-daito	Japan	0.1
	01 Sep 2016 21:00	Minamimura	Japan	0.1
	01 Sep 2016 21:00	Kyuto	Japan	0.1
	01 Sep 2016 22:00	Kita-daito	Japan	0.1
	05 Sep 2016 01:00	Ajisu	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 22:00	Nagasu	Japan	0.1
	05 Sep 2016 01:00	Shimogo	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 22:00	Hashitsu	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 22:00	Fukuoka	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 22:00	Harumachi	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 09:00	Ushinohama	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 09:00	Uko	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 10:00	Oniki	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 11:00	Sakitsu	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 19:00	Arao	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 19:00	Liral	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 19:00	Nagasu	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 19:00	Naguchi	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 18:00	Tokuman	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 19:00	Omuta	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 16:00	Hama	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 19:00	Yue	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 19:00	Isahaya	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 19:00	Tara	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 19:00	Conagai	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 20:00	Tobo	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 20:00	Oka	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 20:00	Karatsu	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 07:00	Kurio	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 07:00	Nakama	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 07:00	Yudomari	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 06:00	Haro	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 06:00	Mugyu	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 23:00	Buzen	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 22:00	Ogori	Japan	0.1
	05 Sep 2016 01:00	Aioura	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 22:00	Takada	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 22:00	Bungo-Takada	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 22:00	Daido	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 02:00	Tsuchigawa	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 23:00	Ashiya	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 09:00	Naga-shima	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 09:00	Chu-ch'iao-chen	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 09:00	Huangwan	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 09:00	Ganpu	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 08:00	Chou-hung-ch'iu	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 08:00	Hsiung-ting-yu	China	0.1
	05 Sep 2016 00:00	Wangzhai	China	0.1
	05 Sep 2016 00:00	Liaobin	China	0.1
	05 Sep 2016 00:00	Erjiegou	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 17:00	Kakinoura	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 07:00	Niu-ch'iao-shih	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 07:00	Hsing-hsing-chen	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 07:00	Chou-chia-peng	China	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 09:00	Segire	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 07:00	Hirauchi	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 07:00	Kojima	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 07:00	Onoaida	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 19:00	Makurazuki	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 00:00	Higashiyoshitomi	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 00:00	Nakatsu	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 00:00	Ube	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 00:00	Imazu	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 00:00	Tokonami	Japan	0.1
	05 Sep 2016 00:00	Kurosaki	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 22:00	Kaseda	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 22:00	Izaku	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 20:00	Taniyama	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 02:00	Kagoshima	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 02:00	Yuno	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 22:00	Takedatsu	Japan	0.1
	03 Sep 2016 22:00	Taketazu	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 02:00	Kushikino	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 22:00	Kashii	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 06:00	Taipingzha	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 06:00	Feng-p'u-ao	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 06:00	Ch'iu-wang	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 06:00	Ch'ing-shui-hu	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 06:00	Hsieh-fu	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 06:00	Wantang	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 13:00	Ligang	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 10:00	Xiaoli'ao	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 10:00	Nan'ao	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 10:00	Ch'en-chia-lu	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 00:00	Luomen	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 01:00	Changtu	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 00:00	Ta-chan	China	0.1
	05 Sep 2016 00:00	Yoshimoura	Japan	0.1
	05 Sep 2016 00:00	Murotsuura	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 01:00	Ta-ch'u	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 01:00	Tiantu	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 00:00	Dinghai	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 00:00	Ganlan	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 01:00	Dongsha	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 01:00	Gaoting	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 01:00	Nanfeng	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 09:00	Nodago	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 09:00	Takaono	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 09:00	Kita-gone	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 11:00	Dinggang	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 11:00	Ancheng	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 08:00	Dingqiao	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 11:00	Chang-chia-li	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 11:00	Hsi-hui-tsui	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 07:00	Chaoyang	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 10:00	Chiu-hsiang-chen	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 11:00	Ch'ien-ni	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 11:00	Chengpu	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 11:00	Songxia	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 09:00	Hsieh-t'ang	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 11:00	Linshan	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 11:00	Heng-pa-ts'un	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 23:00	Panyuchwan	China	0.1
	05 Sep 2016 00:00	Lu-chia-t'un	China	0.1
	05 Sep 2016 01:00	Tien-chiao-chang	China	0.1
	05 Sep 2016 01:00	Wangjiawopu	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 18:00	Maetsuyoshi	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 18:00	Tashiro	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 18:00	Nakiri	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 18:00	Nakasatookamen	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 18:00	Sasebo	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 00:00	Donggangcun	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 13:00	Zhenhai	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 13:00	Shigaotang	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 13:00	Jiangjia	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 13:00	Beiqigen	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 13:00	Beilungang	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 13:00	Daniwan	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 10:00	Ch'ai-ch'iao	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 10:00	Guoju	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 07:00	Hsin-p'u	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 06:00	Cheng-chia-tai	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 07:00	Zhapu	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 06:00	Jinshanwei	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 07:00	Chin-ssu-niang-ch'iao	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 07:00	Chin-shan-tsui	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 07:00	Shanyang	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 07:00	Caojing	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 23:00	Guizhou	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 08:00	Hsiao-an-chieh	China	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 14:00	Kareki	Japan	0.1
	04 Sep 2016 14:00	Shimabara	Japan	0.1

Disclaimer
While we try everything to ensure accuracy, this information is purely indicative and should not be used for any decision making without alternate sources of information.
The JRC is not responsible for any damage or loss resulting from the use of the information presented on this website.
The designations employed and the presentation of material on the map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the European Union concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.