Overall Orange Earthquake alert in Greece,Türkiye on 30 Oct 2020 11:51 UTC

GDACS is a cooperation framework between the United Nations, the European Commission and disaster managers worldwide to improve alerts, information exchange and coordination in the first phase after major sudden-onset disasters.

M 7 in Greece,Türkiye on 30 Oct 2020 11:51 UTC

Hazard models

EQ parameters

Shakemap

Tsunami

Event summary

This earthquake is expected to have a medium humanitarian impact based on the magnitude and the affected population and their vulnerability.

Earthquake Magnitude:	7.0M
Depth:	21 Km
Lat/Lon:	37.9175 , 26.7901
Event Date:	30 Oct 2020 11:51 UTC 30 Oct 2020 13:51 Local
Exposed Population:	About 3000 people in MMI 4600000 people within 100km
Source:	NEIC us7000c7y0
Inserted at:	30 Oct 2020 13:40 UTC
INFORM Coping capacity of the alert score:	3.2 (Türkiye)
INFORM Coping capacity of the affected contries:	Türkiye= 3.2; Greece= 2.5

GDACS Score

For more info on GDACS alert score click here.

	Earthquake (Shakemap)		Tsunami		GDACS score
NEIC	1.8		0.3		1.8
us7000c7y0	Scaled population (raster)	4	Max wave alert	0m
	C1 shakemap	-0.59	Max wave realtime	0.37m
	C2 shakemap	0.53
	Country Vulnerability	0
	INFORM_normalised	0.77

Maximum expected impact using different data sources.

ShakeMap is a product of the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program in conjunction with the regional seismic networks. ShakeMaps provide near-real-time maps of ground motion and shaking intensity following significant earthquakes.

Episode Timeline

ID	Alert	Score	Date	Mag, Depth	MMI*	Population**	Tsunami risk***	Delay (hh:mm)	Source
1340439		1.4	30 Oct 2020 11:51	7M, 10km	7.41	110 thousand (in MMI>=VII)	0.9m (at 00:26)	00:20	NEIC
1340476		1.8	30 Oct 2020 11:51	7M, 21km	7.58	2.2 million (in MMI>=VII)	0.4m (at 00:24)	01:49	NEIC

The episode that generated the alert; the next major evaluations beyond 12 hours will not trigger additional alerts.

The episode that has the last updated information.

* The max MMI detected for sources having shakemaps;
** The population detected in MMI>=7 for episode with shakemap or in a 100km radius;
*** The tsunami max height.

Exposed population

The earthquake happened in Greece ,of Izmir (population 1,675) . The alertlevel for this event is ORANGE

Intensity	Population
	4900 people
	92000 people
	3.1 million people
	2.1 million people

Shakemaps Timeline

Shake id #	Score	episodeid	Lat/Lon	Magnitude	Depth	Max MMI	Date shake (UTC)	Delay (hh:mm)
1	0.6	1340439	37.897/26.795	7.0	10.0	6.878	30 Oct 2020 12:22	00:31	(new episode)
2	1.4	1340439	37.897/26.795	7.0	10.0	7.433	30 Oct 2020 13:14	01:23	(upd of #1)
3	1.4	1340439	37.897/26.795	7.0	10.0	7.407	30 Oct 2020 13:21	01:29	(upd of #2)
4	1.4	1340476	37.918/26.79	7.0	21.0	7.38	30 Oct 2020 14:02	02:10	(new episode)
5	1.9	1340476	37.918/26.79	7.0	21.0	7.778	30 Oct 2020 20:21	08:30	(upd of #4)
6	1.9	1340476	37.918/26.79	7.0	21.0	7.621	30 Oct 2020 20:52	09:00	(upd of #5)
7	1.8	1340476	37.918/26.79	7.0	21.0	7.584	31 Oct 2020 12:00	1d 00:09	(upd of #6)

Affected Provinces

Region Province	Country	Population
Aegean Islands	Greece	14000 people
Izmir	Turkey	44000 people
Aegean Islands	Greece	18000 people
Izmir	Turkey	2.1 million people
Aydin	Turkey	180000 people
Aegean Islands	Greece	56000 people
Izmir	Turkey	1.3 million people
Aydin	Turkey	500000 people
Mugla	Turkey	34000 people
Manisa	Turkey	450000 people
Aegean Islands	Greece	180000 people
Izmir	Turkey	400000 people
Aydin	Turkey	400000 people
Mugla	Turkey	420000 people
Manisa	Turkey	920000 people
Balikesir	Turkey	340000 people
Denizli	Turkey	160000 people
Canakkale	Turkey	40000 people
Usak	Turkey	30000 people

Affected populated places. Areas of interest

Name	Region Province	Country	City class	Population	Distance
Néon Karlovásion	Samos	Greece	Village	4800 people	16 km
Kokkárion	Samos	Greece	Village	<1000 people	18 km
Doganbey	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	18 km
Pandrosson		Greece	Village	-	21 km
Ürkmez	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	21 km
Samos	Samos	Greece	City	5900 people	24 km
Gümüldür	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	28 km
Seferihisar	Izmir	Turkey	City	19000 people	32 km
Marathókambos	Samos	Greece	City	-	23 km
Kumäika		Greece	Village	-	24 km
Pithagorion	Samos	Greece	Village	-	25 km
Vathy		Greece	Village	-	25 km
Kallithea		Greece	Village	<1000 people	26 km
Pagóndas	Samos	Greece	Village	1100 people	27 km
Iräon		Greece	Village	-	30 km
Özdere	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	32 km
Benler	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	37 km
Bademler	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	38 km
Khrisomilea	Samos	Greece	Village	-	40 km
Yeniköy	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	41 km
Yenice	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	41 km
Kusadasi	Aydin	Turkey	City	44000 people	42 km
Zeytineli	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	42 km
Çileme	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	42 km
Çamli	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	45 km
Güzelçamli	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	45 km
Urla	Izmir	Turkey	City	45000 people	45 km
Uzunkuyu	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	46 km
Cumaovasi	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	46 km
Atburgazi	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	46 km
Güzelbahçe	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	47 km
Görece	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	47 km
Özbek	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	48 km
Davutlar	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	48 km
Gökçealan	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	51 km
Therma	Samos	Greece	Village	-	51 km
Selçuk	Izmir	Turkey	City	26000 people	51 km
Gaziemir	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	54 km
Doganbey	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	54 km
Alaçati	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	55 km
Avrancilar	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	57 km
Balçova	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	57 km
Söke	Aydin	Turkey	City	70000 people	57 km
Torbali	Izmir	Turkey	City	36000 people	57 km
Çaybasi	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	58 km
Balikliova	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	59 km
Belevi	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	59 km
Buca	Izmir	Turkey	City	-	62 km
Ortaklar	Aydin	Turkey	City	-	63 km
Izmir	Izmir	Turkey	Major city	2.2 million people	65 km
Kakliç	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	68 km
Tuzculu	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	70 km
Kösedere	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	72 km
Xilosírtis	Samos	Greece	Village	-	59 km
Ciftlik Koyu Ciftlikkoy	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	61 km
Balat	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	61 km
Çesme	Izmir	Turkey	City	-	62 km
Akköy	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	63 km
Kirklar	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	64 km
Kaynaklar	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	65 km
Evdilos		Greece	Village	-	65 km
Yeniköy	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	65 km
Sarikemer	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	66 km
Hasköy	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	67 km
Dagkizilca	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	69 km
Skala	Dodekanisos	Greece	Village	-	70 km
Pátmos	Dodekanisos	Greece	Village	-	70 km
Manganítis	Samos	Greece	Village	-	71 km
Bagarasi	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	71 km
Kalamoti	Chios	Greece	Village	<1000 people	71 km
Nenita	Chios	Greece	Village	1100 people	71 km
Dampinar	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	71 km
Germancik	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	72 km
Katarraktis	Chios	Greece	Village	-	72 km
Yenihisar	Aydin	Turkey	City	-	72 km
Bornova	Izmir	Turkey	City	-	72 km
Turanlar	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	72 km
Thimianá	Chios	Greece	Village	-	72 km
Ulucak	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	74 km
Bozköy	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	74 km
Akçasehir	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	75 km
Seyrek	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	76 km
Eskioba	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	76 km
Khíos	Chios	Greece	City	-	76 km
Pyrjion		Greece	Village	-	76 km
Maltepe	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	76 km
Piryíon	Chios	Greece	Village	-	78 km
Ulucak	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	78 km
Kesik	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	78 km
Emiralem	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	78 km
Kalimasiá	Chios	Greece	Village	1000 people	78 km
Kemalpasa	Izmir	Turkey	City	25000 people	79 km
Geren	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	79 km
Vrondádhos	Chios	Greece	City	-	80 km
Karkinágrion	Samos	Greece	Village	-	80 km
Vessa	Chios	Greece	Village	<1000 people	80 km
Menemen	Izmir	Turkey	City	53000 people	80 km
Kucukbahce	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	81 km
Amalon		Greece	Village	-	82 km
Parthenion		Greece	Village	-	82 km
Akbük	Mugla	Turkey	Village	-	82 km
Incirliova	Aydin	Turkey	City	-	82 km
Koçarli	Aydin	Turkey	City	-	82 km
Bayindir	Izmir	Turkey	City	20000 people	83 km
Çavdar	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	83 km
Yenibagarasi	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	83 km
Foca	Izmir	Turkey	City	-	84 km
Mestá	Chios	Greece	Village	<1000 people	85 km
Anavatos		Greece	Village	-	85 km
Mersinbeleni	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	85 km
Tire	Izmir	Turkey	City	47000 people	85 km
Ayia Marina		Greece	Village	-	85 km
Çamiçi	Mugla	Turkey	Village	-	86 km
Küçükkemerdere	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	86 km
Karaburun	Izmir	Turkey	Village	3200 people	87 km
Çinçin	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	87 km
Lakkion		Greece	Village	-	88 km
Pityus		Greece	Village	-	88 km
Tepeboz	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	88 km
Sakarkaya	Mugla	Turkey	Village	-	89 km
Kozbeyli	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	89 km
Marmaron		Greece	Village	-	89 km
Lakki	Dodekanisos	Greece	Village	-	89 km
Helevaci	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	90 km
Yenifoca	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	91 km
Kardhámila	Chios	Greece	City	-	91 km
Ovaeymiri	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	92 km
Bagyurdu	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	92 km
Sidheroúnda	Chios	Greece	Village	-	92 km
Muradiye	Manisa	Turkey	Village	-	92 km
Aydin	Aydin	Turkey	Major city	150000 people	93 km
Kizilagaç	Mugla	Turkey	Village	-	93 km
Bozalan	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	95 km
Baltaköy	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	96 km
Selimiye	Mugla	Turkey	Village	-	96 km
Manisa	Manisa	Turkey	Major city	240000 people	96 km
Gökçen	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	96 km
Tekeler	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	97 km
Ulukonak	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	97 km
Kayaköy	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	98 km
Volissós		Greece	Village	<1000 people	98 km
Karpuzlu	Aydin	Turkey	Village	2200 people	99 km
Asagiçobanisa	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	99 km
Umurlu	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	99 km
Aliaga	Izmir	Turkey	City	38000 people	99 km
Karapuzlu	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	100 km
Çerkestevfikiye	Manisa	Turkey	Village	-	101 km
Bahçearasi	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	101 km
Karaköy	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	102 km
Turgutlu	Manisa	Turkey	City	100000 people	103 km
Leptópodha	Chios	Greece	Village	-	104 km
Saraçlar	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	104 km
Yeniköy	Manisa	Turkey	Village	-	106 km
Yalikavak	Mugla	Turkey	Village	-	100 km
Arginonda		Greece	Village	-	101 km
Karakaya	Mugla	Turkey	Village	-	103 km
Bahçeburun	Mugla	Turkey	Village	-	103 km
Giris	Mugla	Turkey	Village	-	103 km
Güllük	Mugla	Turkey	Village	-	105 km
Gölköy	Mugla	Turkey	Village	-	106 km
Ortaköy	Mugla	Turkey	Village	-	106 km
Vathís		Greece	Village	-	107 km
Chorion		Greece	Village	-	107 km
Melaniós	Chios	Greece	Village	-	108 km
Müsgebi	Mugla	Turkey	Village	-	108 km
Ortakent	Mugla	Turkey	Village	-	108 km
Kálimnos		Greece	Village	-	108 km
Karatoprak	Mugla	Turkey	Village	-	109 km
Akyarlar	Mugla	Turkey	Village	-	109 km
Bölüntü	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	109 km
Derbent	Manisa	Turkey	Village	-	109 km
Ödemis	Izmir	Turkey	City	69000 people	109 km
Koruköy	Mugla	Turkey	Village	-	110 km
Ovakent	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	110 km
Milâs	Mugla	Turkey	City	43000 people	110 km
Kosh	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	111 km
Gökkaya	Manisa	Turkey	Village	-	112 km
Bademli	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	113 km
Bodrum	Mugla	Turkey	City	39000 people	113 km
Dalama	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	113 km
Urganli	Manisa	Turkey	Village	-	113 km
Yolüstü	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	113 km
Saruhanli	Manisa	Turkey	City	-	114 km
Irmene	Mugla	Turkey	Village	-	114 km
Zeytinlik	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	114 km
Sariçam	Manisa	Turkey	Village	-	115 km
Çine	Aydin	Turkey	City	20000 people	117 km
Sazköy	Mugla	Turkey	Village	-	118 km
Mumcular	Mugla	Turkey	Village	-	118 km
Birgi	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	119 km
Malgaçmustafa	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	119 km
Çiftlikköy	Mugla	Turkey	Village	-	120 km
Zeytindag	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	120 km
Kaymakçi	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	120 km
Sultanhisar	Aydin	Turkey	Village	6200 people	120 km
Eskiçine	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	120 km
Elderesi	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	121 km
Siparion		Greece	Village	-	121 km
Ahmetli	Manisa	Turkey	City	11000 people	121 km
Kos		Greece	City	19000 people	121 km
Büyükbelen	Manisa	Turkey	Village	-	122 km
Nuriye	Manisa	Turkey	Village	-	122 km
Koyuneli	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	122 km
Tekeköy	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	123 km
Örtülü	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	123 km
Plomárion		Greece	Village	-	124 km
Yeniköy	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	124 km
Bademli	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	124 km
Yenipazar	Aydin	Turkey	Village	6500 people	124 km
Demirhan	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	124 km
Gökçe	Manisa	Turkey	Village	-	124 km
Karacahisar	Mugla	Turkey	Village	-	125 km
Turgut	Mugla	Turkey	Village	-	125 km
Kratipos		Greece	Village	-	125 km
Atça	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	125 km
Dhonoúsa	Kyklades	Greece	Village	-	125 km
Kumkuyucak	Manisa	Turkey	Village	-	125 km
Andimákhia	Dodekanisos	Greece	Village	-	126 km
Skopelos	Lesvos	Greece	Village	-	126 km
Sartmahmut	Manisa	Turkey	Village	-	126 km
Koyunlar	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	128 km
Psará	Chios	Greece	Village	-	128 km
Loutra	Lesvos	Greece	Village	-	128 km
Dikili	Izmir	Turkey	City	14000 people	128 km
Mecidiye	Manisa	Turkey	Village	-	129 km
Kardhámaina		Greece	Village	-	129 km
Kiraz	Izmir	Turkey	Village	12000 people	129 km
Beyoba	Manisa	Turkey	Village	-	130 km
Palaiokipos	Lesvos	Greece	Village	-	130 km
Kabakum	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	130 km
Kéfalos	Dodekanisos	Greece	Village	2300 people	131 km
Mazi	Mugla	Turkey	Village	-	131 km
Bencik	Mugla	Turkey	Village	-	131 km
Topçam	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	131 km
Sazoba	Manisa	Turkey	Village	-	131 km
Donduran	Aydin	Turkey	Village	-	131 km
Ovacik	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	132 km
Kalafatis		Greece	Village	-	132 km
Gölmarmara	Manisa	Turkey	City	-	132 km
Kayislar	Manisa	Turkey	Village	-	133 km
Aigiali	Kyklades	Greece	Village	-	133 km
Arabacibag see Arabaciboz	Manisa	Turkey	Village	-	133 km
Mitilíni	Lesvos	Greece	City	-	133 km
Áno Merá	Kyklades	Greece	Village	-	133 km
Salihli	Manisa	Turkey	City	88000 people	133 km
Bozalan	Mugla	Turkey	Village	-	134 km
Haliller	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	134 km
Nazilli	Aydin	Turkey	City	120000 people	135 km
Selendi	Manisa	Turkey	Village	-	135 km
Vrisa	Lesvos	Greece	Village	-	135 km
Karaburç	Izmir	Turkey	Village	-	135 km
Ayiásos	Lesvos	Greece	City	-	135 km
Yatagan	Mugla	Turkey	City	-	136 km

see full list

Critical infrastructure

Airports, ports, nuclear plants and hydrodams at risk, if affected, are listed below.

Airports

Name	IATA Code	Elevation (m)	Usage	Runway type	IFR	Runway Length (ft)	Distance
Samos	SMI	6	Civ.	Paved	Yes	6600	27 km
Ikaria	JIK	24	Civ.	Paved	No	4200	47 km
Efes		3	Civ.	Paved	No	5700	48 km
Adnan Menderes	ADB	132	Civ.	Paved	Yes	10600	52 km
Gaziemir		126	Mil.	Paved	Yes	4400	55 km
Cigli Military Airport		5	Mil.	Paved	No	10700	68 km
Cigli	IGL	5	Mil.	Paved	Yes	9800	69 km
Chios	JKH	5	Civ.	Paved	Yes	4900	74 km
Leros	LRS	11	Civ.	Paved	No	3300	81 km
Olimboi		152				0	82 km
Cildir		32	Civ.	Paved	No	4700	97 km
Milas Bodrum	BJV	6	Civ.	Paved	Yes	9800	107 km
Bodrum Imsik	BXN	unknown				0	116 km
Kos	KGS	125	Civ.	Paved	Yes	7800	127 km
Mytilene	MJT	17	Civ.	Paved	Yes	7900	128 km
Akhisar		75	Mil.	Paved	Yes	9800	135 km
Mikonos	JMK	123	Civ.	Paved	Yes	6200	138 km
Polikhnitos		198				0	139 km
Akhisar Tsa		130				0	149 km
Naxos	JNX	unknown				0	156 km
Syros	JSY	30	Civ.	Paved	No	3500	171 km
Paros	PAS	unknown				0	178 km
Edremit Korfez	EDO	15	Civ.	Paved	Yes	6800	183 km

Ports

Name	LOCODE	Country	Distance
Karlovasi		Greece	17 km
Sigacik		Turkey	31 km
Ormos Vathi	GRSMI	Greece	24 km
Pithagorion		Greece	29 km
Kusadasi	TRKUS	Turkey	41 km
Fournoi		Greece	43 km
Alacati		Turkey	55 km
Izmir		Turkey	63 km
Cesme	TRCES	Turkey	62 km
Izmir (Smyrna)	TRIZM	Turkey	68 km
Lipsoi Island		Greece	68 km
Lipsoi		Greece	69 km
Patmos	GRPMS	Greece	69 km
Khios		Greece	75 km
Ormos Kolokithias		Greece	85 km
Lakkion		Greece	87 km
Marmaron		Greece	93 km
Foca	TRFOC	Turkey	93 km
Nemrut Bay	TRNEM	Turkey	94 km
Aliaga	TRALI	Turkey	102 km
Gulluk	TRGUL	Turkey	103 km
Dodecanese Island		Greece	103 km
Levitha Island		Greece	105 km
Kalimnos Island	GRKMI	Greece	109 km
Kinaros Island		Greece	113 km
Bodrum	TRBXN	Turkey	114 km
Kos	GRKGS	Greece	121 km
Dhenousa Island		Greece	122 km
Plomarion		Greece	123 km
Psara		Greece	126 km
Andipsara Island		Greece	127 km
Dikili	TRDIK	Turkey	129 km
Mitilene	GRMJT	Greece	132 km
Mykonos		Greece	133 km
Aigiali		Greece	134 km
Lionas		Greece	137 km
Mikonos		Greece	138 km
Moutsouna		Greece	141 km
Yali Island	GRYLI	Greece	142 km
Kolpis Kallonis		Greece	143 km
Katapola	GRAMO	Greece	146 km
Tinos	GRTIN	Greece	151 km
Nisiros Island		Greece	151 km
Naxos Island	GRJNX	Greece	152 km
Ayvalik	TRAYV	Turkey	156 km
Andros		Greece	162 km
Sigri		Greece	165 km
Gokova Iskelesi	TRGKV	Turkey	166 km
Mithimna		Greece	168 km
Syros	GRJSY	Greece	172 km
Paros		Greece	172 km
Simi Island		Greece	173 km
Megalo Khorio		Greece	173 km
Sirna Island		Greece	173 km
Gavrion	GRGAV	Greece	180 km
Nisos Ios		Greece	182 km
Akcay		Turkey	184 km

Dams

Dam Name	River	Year	Distance
Tahtali	Tahtali	1996	33 km
Guzelhisar	Guzelhisar	1982	101 km
Demirkopru	Gediz	1960	154 km
Kemer	Akcay	1954	158 km
Sevisler	Yagcili	1981	164 km

More information

For a full list of available products related to this event, please refer to the GDACS Resources page.

Disclaimer
While we try everything to ensure accuracy, this information is purely indicative and should not be used for any decision making without alternate sources of information.
The JRC is not responsible for any damage or loss resulting from the use of the information presented on this website.
The designations employed and the presentation of material on the map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the European Union concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.