Overall Orange Tropical Cyclone alert for BIPARJOY-23 in India, Pakistan from 06 Jun 2023 18:00 UTC to 15 Jun 2023 18:00 UTC

GDACS is a cooperation framework between the United Nations, the European Commission and disaster managers worldwide to improve alerts, information exchange and coordination in the first phase after major sudden-onset disasters.

Overall Orange alert Tropical Cyclone for BIPARJOY-23

in India, Pakistan

Meteorological source:

GDACS JTWC

Impact Single TC

GFS
HWRF
ECMWF

Impact based on all weather systems in the area

Impact

Tropical Cyclone BIPARJOY-23 can have a medium humanitarian impact based on the maximum sustained wind speed,exposed population and vulnerability.

Meteorological source	ECMWF
Exposed countries
Exposed population	No people in Category 1 or higher
Maximum wind speed	115 km/h
Maximum storm surge	0.6 m (09 Jun 18:15 UTC)
Vulnerability	High (India)

GDACS Score

GDACS alert score for Tropical Cyclones is 0.5 (GREEN Alert), 1.5 (ORANGE Alert), 2.5 (RED Alert)
For more info on GDACS alert score click here.

	Wind	Storm surge	Rainfall	GDACS score
ECMWF Current	115 km/h	0.6 m	699 mm	0.5
ECMWF Overall	97 km/h	1.7 m	2147 mm	0.5
Maximum winds, storm surge, rainfall (Current: over the next 72 h, Overall: entire TC track)

TOP

Wind

97 km/h

No people by wind speeds of Tropical Storm strength or above

Wind exposed population - AoIs

No exposed population (in Tropical Storm or higher) based on the bulletin of 07 Jun 2023 00:00 UTC

See TC classification SSHS

Wind Impact Timeline

people affected <=10000

10000< people affected <=100000

people affected >100000

N°	Date (UTC)	Max Winds (km/h)	Pop in Cat. 1 or higher	TS	Cat. 1	Cat. 2	Cat. 3	Cat. 4	Cat. 5
1	06 Jun 2023 00:00	83	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
2	06 Jun 2023 12:00	119	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
3	07 Jun 2023 00:00	158	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Download:

Impact estimation for the next 72h

TOP

Rainfall

Rain exposed population - AoIs

Estimations based on the bulletin of 07 Jun 2023 00:00 UTC

Level	Country	Population
50-100 mm	India, Maldives	3,450,798	+
	India	3,433,626
	Maldives	17,171

Rain Impact Timeline

people affected <=10000

10000< people affected <=100000

people affected >100000

N°	Date (UTC)	Max Rainfall (mm)	Pop >100mm or higher	50-100	100-250	250-500	500-750	750-1000	>1000	Countries
1	06 Jun 2023 00:00	303	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
2	06 Jun 2023 12:00	758	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
3	07 Jun 2023 00:00	1320	-		-	-	-	-	-	India, Maldives

Impact estimation for the next 72h

TOP

StormSurge

0.6 m

The maximum Storm surge height is 0.6m in Kambhat, India. This height is estimated for 09 Jun 2023 18:15 UTC .

The JRC has developed an experimental global storm surge model, which is run after each advisory issued by the regional tropical cyclone centres. The calculations are published about 20 minutes after a new advisory is detected by GDACS. The calculations identify the populated places affected by storm surge up to three days in advance, using the forecasted track. When forecasts change, the associated storm surge changes too and alert levels may go up or down. All links, data, statistics and maps refer to the latest available calculation. If the calculation for the last advisory is not completed, the latest available calculation is shown.

Storm Surge Exposed population - AoIs

Storm Surge Exposed locations

Calculation based on the bulletin of 07 Jun 2023 00:00 UTC

Alert	Date (UTC)	Name	Country	Storm surge height (m)
	09 Jun 2023 18:15	Kambhat	India	0.6
	09 Jun 2023 18:15	Kavi	India	0.6
	09 Jun 2023 18:15	Sarod	India	0.6
	09 Jun 2023 18:15	Wadgam	India	0.5
	09 Jun 2023 17:30	Asarsa	India	0.5
	09 Jun 2023 17:30	Harinagar	India	0.4
	09 Jun 2023 19:15	Dahej	India	0.4
	09 Jun 2023 19:45	Ghogha	India	0.4
	09 Jun 2023 18:30	Bhagva	India	0.3
	09 Jun 2023 18:30	Olpad	India	0.3
	09 Jun 2023 02:45	Ghuar Mota	India	0.3
	07 Jun 2023 17:15	New Kandla	India	0.3
	09 Jun 2023 17:15	Damka	India	0.3
	07 Jun 2023 17:15	Jodiya	India	0.3
	07 Jun 2023 17:30	Tuna	India	0.3
	07 Jun 2023 19:00	Surat	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 19:00	Jalalpur	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 19:00	Mahuver	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 19:00	Navsari	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 19:00	Nausari	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 19:00	Dharasana	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 19:00	Bilimora	India	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 17:45	Akri	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 18:30	Valsad	India	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 19:00	Jambura	India	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 19:00	Kotada	India	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 16:45	Bambu Khan	Pakistan	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 16:45	Goth Jumo	Pakistan	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 18:00	Daman	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 18:00	Udvada	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 17:30	Al Khaluf	Oman	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 17:30	Filim	Oman	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 07:30	Ankola	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 07:30	Gokarn	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 07:30	Kumta	India	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 22:15	Mahuva	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 15:45	Mundra	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 17:15	Mina' al Fahl	Oman	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 17:15	Matrah	Oman	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 17:15	Masqat	Oman	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 17:15	Al Bustan	Oman	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 17:15	Yiti	Oman	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 21:30	Kathiwadar Bandar	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 16:15	Sika	India	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 18:45	Jhankhar	India	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 18:15	Navinal	India	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 20:45	Jafarabad	India	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 17:00	Suthri	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 11:30	Al Mudayq	Oman	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 11:30	Masnaah	Oman	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 11:30	Bu 'Abali	Oman	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 11:30	Abu 'Abali	Oman	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 11:30	Suwadi al Batsa'	Oman	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 11:30	Billa	Oman	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 01:00	Chudeswar	India	0.2
	08 Jun 2023 17:00	Cheru	Pakistan	0.2
	08 Jun 2023 17:00	Sonmiani	Pakistan	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 10:45	Shirali	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 10:45	Bhatkal	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 10:45	Bainduru	India	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 15:00	Kalat	Pakistan	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 15:00	Makola	Pakistan	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 21:30	Mumbai	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 21:30	Asumumbay	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 21:30	Mandve	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 21:30	Uran	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 21:30	Trombay	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 04:00	Jhol	Pakistan	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 04:00	Keti	Pakistan	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 17:45	Bhadia	India	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 21:15	Dharabandar	India	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 21:15	Rohisa	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 01:00	Okha	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 01:00	Aramda	India	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 23:45	Maroli	India	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 10:15	Basaidu	Iran	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 10:15	Dustku	Iran	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 10:15	Chahu Shomali	Iran	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 16:45	Mandvi	India	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 10:15	Bandar Suflin	Iran	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 18:45	Salaya	India	0.2
	10 Jun 2023 00:00	Umbargam	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 12:45	Madgaon	India	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 23:30	Tarapur	India	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 23:30	Shirgaon	India	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 23:30	Palghar	India	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 23:30	Mahim	India	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 23:30	Boisar	India	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 15:15	Bordi	India	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 20:00	Pahel	Iran	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 20:00	Bandar-e Laft	Iran	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 20:00	Laft	Iran	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 20:00	Payi Pusht	Iran	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 20:30	Malad	India	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 20:30	Diva	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 08:45	Cannanore	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 08:45	Edakkad	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 08:45	Dharmadam	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 08:45	Tellicherry	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 08:45	Mahe	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 15:45	Ormara Raik	Pakistan	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 15:45	Ormara	Pakistan	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 18:15	Balaru	Pakistan	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 20:00	Taloje	India	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 11:45	Gholvad	India	0.2
	09 Jun 2023 11:45	Malyan	India	0.2
	08 Jun 2023 10:30	Nalasopara	India	0.2
	08 Jun 2023 10:30	Agashi	India	0.2
	08 Jun 2023 10:30	Dongri	India	0.2
	08 Jun 2023 10:30	Vasai	India	0.2
	08 Jun 2023 10:30	Mira Bhayandar	India	0.2
	08 Jun 2023 10:30	Navghar	India	0.2
	07 Jun 2023 11:15	Brar	Pakistan	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 11:45	Advota	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 11:45	Chaudi	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 11:45	Majali	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 11:45	Sadashivgarh	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 11:45	Karwar	India	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 21:30	Nawabandar	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 17:45	As Sifah	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 17:45	Ramlah	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 17:45	Quryat	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 19:45	Alibag	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 19:45	Revadanda	India	0.1
	10 Jun 2023 00:00	Sakhare	India	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 19:45	Bandar-e Suza	Iran	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 19:45	Bandar-e Dargaham	Iran	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 16:30	Gadechi	India	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 21:30	Dangarvadi	India	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 21:30	Delvada	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 12:30	Marmagao	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 12:30	Vasco Da Gama	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 12:30	Agacaim	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 09:15	Vengurla	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 09:15	Terekhol	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 09:15	Chopdem	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 12:00	Belekeri	India	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 14:00	Pasni	Pakistan	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 14:00	Miski	Pakistan	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 13:45	Pishukan	Pakistan	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 19:45	Murud	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 19:45	Agar Panchaitan	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 19:45	Srivardhan	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 17:00	Naka Kharari	Pakistan	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 17:00	Gadani	Pakistan	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 10:30	Gwadar	Pakistan	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 06:00	Manjeshwaram	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 06:00	Kumbla	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 06:00	Kasaragod	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 03:45	Sam	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 03:45	Beris	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 03:45	Pusht	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 07:45	Honavar	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 04:00	Goth Lashkari	Pakistan	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:45	Jiwani	Pakistan	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 14:15	Rumra	Pakistan	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:30	Anjuna	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:30	Panaji	India	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 21:00	Kotra Nes	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 19:15	Kelshi	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:00	Derangu	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:00	Bir	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:00	Kamshahr	Iran	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 15:30	Ratia	India	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 15:30	Gorser	India	0.1
	08 Jun 2023 09:45	Khargun	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 10:15	Ramin	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 10:15	Baleh Sar	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 10:15	Kizhdab	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 10:15	Guran Kosh-E Pa'in	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 10:15	Kachow	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 19:00	Hormoz	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 19:00	Arzeni	Iran	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 16:30	Sur Masirah	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:30	Kereti	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:30	Khowr Rapch	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 02:45	Quwayrah	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 07:45	Salalah	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 07:45	Al Kathir	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 07:45	Sudh	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 17:45	Konarak	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 17:45	Tis	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 17:45	Chah Bahar	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 17:45	Ahmadizeh	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 18:45	Al Khasab	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 18:45	Kumza	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 18:45	Ash Shishah	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 05:15	Nileshwar	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 05:15	Chervattur	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 05:15	Trikkaripur	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 05:15	Madayipara	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 05:15	Madayi	India	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 15:30	Adodar	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 06:45	Manki	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 06:45	Mavalli	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 03:00	Chittadi	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 03:00	Kundapura	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 15:00	Akara	Pakistan	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 15:15	Porbandar	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:30	Ras Muari	Pakistan	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:30	Goth Haji Muhammad	Pakistan	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:30	Isa	Pakistan	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 12:15	Pesabandar	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 19:30	Bankot	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:30	Bayahi	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 04:45	Gurdim	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 04:45	Guraim	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 04:45	Dorri	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 04:45	Pozm Tiab	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 04:45	Machan	Iran	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 17:00	Dwarka	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 06:45	Araft	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 18:30	Sharkh	Oman	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 16:15	Al Kalban	Oman	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 16:15	Mursays	Oman	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 16:15	Hiql	Oman	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 16:15	Dawwah	Oman	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 16:15	Maghilah	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 23:30	Malan	Pakistan	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 19:30	Dogerdan	Iran	0.1
	08 Jun 2023 04:15	Devgarh	India	0.1
	08 Jun 2023 04:15	Achra	India	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 15:00	Shil	India	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 15:00	Mangrol	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 17:00	Murayjat	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 17:00	Barka	Oman	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 11:30	Abu Dhabi	United Arab Emirates	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 21:15	Kodinar	India	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 16:00	Madhi	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:30	Khadra'	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:30	As Suwayq	Oman	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 15:15	Bhogat	India	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 15:15	Lamba	India	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 15:15	Miyani	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 17:00	Shinas	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 17:00	Dawanij	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 17:00	Al Liwa	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 14:00	Boria	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 14:00	Guhagar	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 14:00	Anjanwel	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 14:00	Jaigarh	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 19:15	Bandar Abbas	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 17:15	Baghan	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 17:15	Jask-e Kohneh	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 17:15	Jask	Iran	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 23:30	Chorwad	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 08:00	Chirakkal	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 08:00	Valapattanam	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 08:00	Azhikkal	India	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 10:15	Bandar-e Band-e	Iran	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 22:45	Veraval	India	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 22:45	Somnath	India	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 22:45	Sutrapada	India	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 17:15	'Urf	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 19:30	Qeshm	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 17:30	Vanak	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:30	Dayl	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:30	Al Qasabiyat	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:30	Al Khaburah	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:30	Qasabiyat az Za'ab	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:45	Manumah	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:45	Sib	Oman	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 15:00	Barambah	Pakistan	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:45	Khawr Kalba	United Arab Emirates	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:45	Bu Baqarah	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 19:15	Larak Kuhi	Iran	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 16:15	Al Ashkharah	Oman	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 16:15	Al Jumaylah	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 10:30	Purangad	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 10:30	Purnagad	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 10:30	Adiura	India	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 20:15	Lodhwa	India	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 16:30	Karap	Iran	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 16:30	As Sirab	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 17:15	Haffah	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 17:15	Limah	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 08:00	Ra's ar Ru'ays	Oman	0.1
	08 Jun 2023 09:45	Udipi	India	0.1
	08 Jun 2023 16:15	Mawalis	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 17:00	Azaiba	Oman	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 16:45	Dafiyat	Oman	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 16:45	Dhuwwah	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:45	Khalil	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:45	Tawi Bedi Guish	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 17:00	Kooh Mobarak	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 15:30	Duqm	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 15:30	Nafun	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 10:00	Qadub	Yemen	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 10:00	Hadiboh	Yemen	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 10:15	Band-e Kong	Iran	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 16:45	Adgat	United Arab Emirates	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 07:15	Lakabi	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 07:15	Qaysad	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 05:00	Bekal	India	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 06:00	Hasik	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 03:15	Bi'r Bira'	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 03:15	Bilad as Sur	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 03:15	Sur	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 12:00	Ghalat	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 17:00	Al Fujayrah	United Arab Emirates	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 17:00	Kalba	United Arab Emirates	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 17:15	Berizak	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 17:15	Bala Boland	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:15	Suhar	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:15	Al 'Uwaynat	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:15	As Sahm	Oman	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 16:45	Miski	Iran	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 06:00	Mulki	India	0.1
	09 Jun 2023 16:30	Hisn Diba	United Arab Emirates	0.1
	07 Jun 2023 18:45	Kuhestak	Iran	0.1

Disclaimer
While we try everything to ensure accuracy, this information is purely indicative and should not be used for any decision making without alternate sources of information.
The JRC is not responsible for any damage or loss resulting from the use of the information presented on this website.
The designations employed and the presentation of material on the map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the European Union concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.